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Spanning nine time zones from Norway to the Bering Strait, the immense Russian Arctic was mostly unexplored before the twentieth century. This changed rapidly in the 1920s, when the Soviet Union implemented plans for its conquest. The Conquest of the Russian Arctic, a definitive political and environmental history of one of the world's remotest regions, details the ambitious attempts, from Soviet times to the present, to control and reshape the Arctic, and the terrible costs paid along the way.Paul Josephson describes the effort under Stalin to assimilate the Arctic into the Soviet empire. Extraction of natural resources, construction of settlements, indoctrination of nomadic populations, collectivization of reindeer herding--all was to be accomplished so that the Arctic operated according to socialist principles. The project was in many ways an extension of the Bolshevik revolution, as planners and engineers assumed that policies and plans that worked elsewhere in the empire would apply here. But as they pushed ahead with methods hastily adopted from other climates, the results were political repression, destruction of traditional cultures, and environmental degradation. The effects are still being felt today. At the same time, scientists and explorers led the world in understanding Arctic climes and regularities.Vladimir Putin has redoubled Russia's efforts to secure the Arctic, seen as key to the nation's economic development and military status. This history brings into focus a little-understood part of the world that remains a locus of military and economic pressures, ongoing environmental damage, and grand ambitions imperfectly realized. Russia - Simple English Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Russia (Russian: ) official name: Russian Federation (Russian: ) is a country that is mostly in Asia and partly in ... Russian Federation - New World Encyclopedia The Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) commonly known as Russia (Rossiya) is a transcontinental country ... An Arctic Origin of Civilization? - bibliotecapleyades.net by Victoria LePage 2008-2009. from VLPage Website. Spanish version . Part 1. November 3 2008 . Vast shadowy forces are moving in Central Asia - or rather in the ... Norway Reverts to Cold War Mode as Russian Air Patrols ... But the spike in Russian military activity along Norways coast has added an unexpected measure of verisimilitude to a new television thriller called ... Russia travel guide - Wikitravel Russia (Russian: Rossija) is the largest country in the world covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area spanning Eastern Europe ... Russian Navy Organisation and Fleet 1914-1922 1. The Imperial Russian Navy and the Russian Navy from August 1914 until the creation of the 'Red Workers and Peasants ... Finnish conquest of East Karelia (1941) - Wikipedia Finnish conquest of East Karelia; Part of Continuation War and World War II history of Russia Britannica.com Russian penetration of western Central Asia in the 19th and 20th centuries. Arctic Adventure Cruises and Guided Tours Quark Expeditions The Arctic still one of the last frontiers on earth. It is the place of Viking conquest and boasts a rich collection of wildlife including the polar bear walrus ... Robert Conquest - Wikipedia Conquest was a fellow of the Columbia University's Russian Institute and of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars; a distinguished visiting scholar at ...
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